Otentisitas dan Validitas Hadis Nabi: Dialektika antara Tradisi Islam dan Kritik Orientalis

Abstract

Hadith as the most important authority in the Islamic law has its long historical phases. At the beginning of the century when occured a conflict between muslims, hadis played as a comodity for political legitimation. Some of Mu’awiyyah supporters as well as Shiah and Khawārij supporters made fake hadiths to justify their groups and sometimes to refuse other groups. This situation made people doubt about hadith, and the question about isnād –a series of hadith narators- was getting higher. People started to ask about who was the narators? And how credible they are? Furthermore the scholars began to formulate many rules about acceptance of hadith, and to classify hadith between sahih, hasan and dhaif. And a few centuries later the question about authenticity and validity of the hadith was reopened by orientalist like Ignaz Goldziher and Josepht Scacht. They were distrusful about rules that made by hadith scholars are less relevant and should be suspected because of political and interest bias. This article tries to see that the question about authenticity and validity of the hadith are not only questioned by orientalist but also by muslim scholars them self, and the end the are attracted to formulate many stricth rules to accept the hadith.