Kewajiban Sosial dalam Pemilu: Studi Hukum Islam terhadap Mencoblos semua Paslon dalam Kerangka “Mashalih Mursalah”

Marhadi  Muhayar; Siti  Uswatun Khasanah

doi:10.53038/tsyr.v4i1.253

Authors

Marhadi Muhayar Universitas Islam Jakarta
Siti Uswatun Khasanah Universitas Islam Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53038/tsyr.v4i1.253

Keywords:

voting, all candidate pair, mashālih mursalah

Abstract

This research talks about Islamic law regarding voting for all Candidate Pairs (Paslon) within the framework of "Mashālih Murlahah". In this research, a qualitative approach was used with library data analysis (library research). The method used is deductive-inductive analysis, where researchers will develop existing theories or hypotheses based on existing principles in political, religious and legal studies, as well as data found in relevant literature. The theory used in this study is Al-Būthi's Mashālih Murlah theory. The research results show that voting for all the candidate pairs cannot be equated with not having a leader or leaving the congregation (bughāt), because in practice, even if many people vote for all the candidate pairs and their ballots are declared invalid, this will still produce a leader as regulated by the system elections and legislation. In this context, the act of voting for all candidate pairs is legally justified. However, if voting for all candidates is thought to result in winning a candidate who has the potential to bring harm to Muslims, then voting for abstention or voting for all candidate pairs is an action that is not justified (haram).

References

Abriansyah, A, M Shuhufi, and Abd. Raouf Muhammad Amin. “Peran Ulama Dan Tokoh Ormas Muhammadiyah Dalam Menangkal Golput Perspektif Fikih Siyasah.” Madani: Jurnal … 2, no. 5 (2024): 712–721. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12583863.

Al-Ajlan, Fahd bin Shalih bin Abdul Aziz. Al-Intikhabat Wa Ahkamuha Fi Al-Fiqh Al-Islami. 1st ed. Riyadh: Dar Kunuz Isybiliya, 2009. https://ia601300.us.archive.org/20/items/waq110246/110246.pdf.

Al-Buthi, Muhammad Said Ramadhan. Ḍawâbiṭ Al-Maṣlahah Fî Sharîah Al-Islâmîyah. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah, 1973.

Al-Dauri, Qahthan Abdur Rahman. Al-Syura Baina Al-Nazhariyyah Wa Al-Tathbiq. 2nd ed. Beirut: Kitab Nasyirun, 2017. https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=id&sl=ar&u=https://archive.org/details/Shura2edProfDrKahtan&prev=search&pto=aue.

Al-Qaradhawi, Yusuf. Min Fiqh Al-Daulah Fi Al-Islam; Makanatuha, Ma’alimuha, Thabi’atuha,. 3rd ed. Cairo: Dar Al-Syuruq, 2001.

Al-Siba’i, Musthafa. Al-Mar’ah Bayna Al-Fiqh Wa Al-Qanun. 7th ed. Beirut: Dar Al-Warraq, 1999.

Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah. Tafsir Al-Munir Fi Al-’Aqidah Wa Al-Syrai’ah Wa Al-Manhaj. 1st ed. Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr al-Mu’ashir, 1991.

Ali bin Muhammad al-Mawardi. Al-Aḥkām Al-Sulṭāniyyah. Edited by Ahmad Jad. Kairo: Dar al-Hadits, 2006. https://ia601003.us.archive.org/18/items/FP171606/171606.pdf.

Anggraini, F A. “Dinamika Politik Pemilu Dalam Bingkai Demokrasi Menurut Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Studi Hukum Modern 06, no. 2 (2024): 1–13. https://journalpedia.com/1/index.php/jshm/article/view/1054%0Ahttps://journalpedia.com/1/index.php/jshm/article/download/1054/1130.

Anwar, Hafizh Muhammad. Wilayah Al-Mar’ah Fi Fiqh Al-Islami. 1st ed. Riyadh: Dar Balansih, 1999. https://www.noor-book.com/كتاب-ولاية-المرأة-في-الفقه-الإسلامي-نسخة-مصورة-pdf.

Fachriyadi, Ahmad Naufal. “Anti-Abstention Pesantren : Salafiah Pesantren Ideology and The Efforts of Muara Enim General Election Commitions to Increase Voters Participation” (2024): 49–56. https://sunankalijaga.org/prosiding/index.php/icrse/article/view/1123.

Ghaitsa Zahira Shofa, Ristania Tri Widiarti, Rochmawati Ing Lestari, and Nurhasanah. “Increase in Abstention Rates in the 2024 Election: Decreasing Community Participation in Using the Right to Vote.” JISOSEPOL: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Ekonomi dan Politik 2, no. 1 (June 10, 2024): 112–120. https://doi.org/10.61787/sj4by328.

Habibah, Habibah, and Hasanuddin Yusuf Adan. “Golput Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum Dan Siyasah Dusturiyah.” Politica: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara dan Politik Islam 11, no. 1 (August 16, 2024): 118–128. 10.32505/politica.v11i1.9157.

Hasan Ansori, Ari, and Lina Herlina. “Pemikiran Islam Tentang Keadilan Dan Pengawasan Pemilu: Menguatkan Kesadaran Politik Pemilih Pemula.” Ta’dibiya 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2024): 14–36. 10.61624/japi.v4i2.147.

Hossan, Md. Alomgir, Md Amirul Islam, and Murshida Khatun. “Empowering Democracy in Bangladesh: A Roadmap for Enhancing Voter Engagement.” International Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities (IJSSH) 9, no. 1 (January 19, 2024): 9–22. https://doi.org/10.58885/ijllis.v9i1.09.ah.

Hukumonline. “Gerakan Coblos Semua Paslon Pilkada Jakarta, Akademisi FHUI Paparkan Aturan Hukumnya.” Hukumonline.Com. Last modified 2024. Accessed November 16, 2024. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/gerakan-coblos-semua-paslon-pilkada-jakarta--akademisi-fhui-paparkan-aturan-hukumnya-lt66eab7d7a133e/?page=all.

Ilma Andasari, Rista, Sabrina ainun soraya Abrar, Santi Santi, and Mona Veronica. “The Non-Voting Behaviour in City of Makassar Regional Election 2020.” Politics and Humanism 1, no. 2 (December 26, 2022): 75–83. 10.31947/jph.v1i2.23749.

Kementrian Agama Republik Indonesia, Al-Qur'an dan Terjemahannya.

Kurniawan, Desri, Hermanto Harun, Hasbi Umar, Ramlah Ramlah, and Novika Wati. “Golput Dalam Perspektif Fiqh Siayasah (Studi Kasus Pemilihan Gubernur Jambi Tahun 2020).” JEMSI: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi 4, no. 4 (August 16, 2023): 706–716. https://doi.org/10.31933/jemsi.v4i4.1472.

Limilia, P., & Ariadne, E. (2018). Pengetahuan Dan Persepsi Politik Pada Remaja. Jurnal. Psikologi Sosial, Vol. 16, No. 01, 45-55. Sair, A. (2016)

Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Keputusan Ijtima’ Ulama Komisi Fatwa Se-Indonesia III Tentang Masa’il Asasiyah Wathaniyah (Masalah Strategis Kebangsaan). Indonesia: Majelis Ulama Indonesia, 2009. https://fatwamui.com/storage/597/PENGGUNAAN-HAK-PILIH-DALAM-PEMILIHAN-UMUM.pdf.

Miqdad, Muhammad Agil, Rio Aji Surya Firmansyah, and Moch. Hamdan Sany. “Golput Perpektif Ulama Nahdlatul Ulama Dan Ulama Muhammadiyah.” Komparatif: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Pemikiran Islam 4, no. 1 (2024): 85–108. https://doi.org/10.15642/komparatif.v4i1.2382.

Muhammad Imron, and Tri Wahyu Hidayat. “Ijtihad Pada Era Kontemporer.” El-Faqih : Jurnal Pemikiran dan Hukum Islam 9, no. 2 (October 27, 2023): 153–176. 10.58401/faqih.v9i2.980.

P, Alfitria Nefi. “Lantang Suarakan Golput Pilkada, Ini Alasan Jaringan Rakyat Miskin Kota Jakarta.” Tempo.Co. Last modified 2024. Accessed November 25, 2024. https://www.tempo.co/pemilu/lantang-suarakan-golput-pilkada-ini-alasan-jaringan-rakyat-miskin-kota-jakarta-6721.

Presiden Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2015 Tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemilihan Gubernur, Bupati, Dan Walikota Menjadi U. Indonesia: bpk.go.id, 2016. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/37311/uu-no-10-tahun-2016.

Tim Detikcom. “Kata Jubir Anies-Masinton Soal Gerakan Coblos Semua Dikritik Sana-Sani.” Detik.Com. Last modified 2024. Accessed November 16, 2024. https://news.detik.com/pilkada/d-7541240/kata-jubir-anies-masinton-soal-gerakan-coblos-semua-dikritik-sana-sani?single=1.

Yusefri, Yusefri. “MUI Dan Dinamika Sosial Politik (Studi Munculnya Fatwa Hukum Golput).” Al-Azhar Islamic Law Review 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 50–68. 10.37146/ailrev.v4i1.13.

Zainuri, Rahma Dilla, Siti Masruroh, Mitra Sasmita, and Rebi Hadinata. “Pandangan Agama Islam Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Partisipasi Masyarakat Pada Pemilu Tahun 2024.” Buana Ilmu 8, no. 2 (2024): 53–65. https://doi.org/10.36805/bi.v8i2.7237.